Laser/Hacking: Unterschied zwischen den Versionen

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Zeile 32: Zeile 32:
  
 
We didn't get the net- to work (haha) so we are using USB right now.  
 
We didn't get the net- to work (haha) so we are using USB right now.  
 +
 +
Someone else already documented the protocol.
 +
Apparently everything is scrambled in some way byte-wise.
 +
https://stefan.schuermans.info/rdcam/messages.html
 +
 +
The descrambling process documented there didn't work for us.
 +
Since different versions of the program seem to use different magic numbers we decided to try to brute-force it.
 +
Turns out it's a new one: <code>0x33</code>.
 +
 +
==== Setup Messages [Still Scrambled] ====
  
 
Notation:  
 
Notation:  
Zeile 39: Zeile 49:
 
</pre>
 
</pre>
  
==== Setup Messages ====
 
 
Before sending the job to the lasercutter the driver sends and receives a few preflight messages.  
 
Before sending the job to the lasercutter the driver sends and receives a few preflight messages.  
 
We are unsure if they change when using the Network but they are omitted when saving a job to a file.  
 
We are unsure if they change when using the Network but they are omitted when saving a job to a file.  
Zeile 69: Zeile 78:
 
</pre>
 
</pre>
  
===== Click 'Search' =====
+
===== Click 'Search' [Still Scrambled] =====
  
 
<pre>
 
<pre>
Zeile 212: Zeile 221:
  
 
After this the actual job data is sent by the driver.
 
After this the actual job data is sent by the driver.
 
==== Job Data ====
 
The job data seems to be structured as follows:
 
 
1. [Unknown Data]
 
* (as of now always 59 bytes)
 
2. [Speed Data]
 
* (as of now always 8 bytes)
 
3. [Power Data x4]
 
* (as of now always 5 bytes for each of [Min Power Laser 1, Min Power Laser 2, Max Power Laser 1, Max Power Laser 2] )
 
4. [Unknown Data]
 
 
5. [Speed Data again, but a little different]
 
 
6. [Unknown Data]
 
 
7. [Power Data again, but a little different x4]
 
 
8. [Unknown Data]
 
 
===== 1. Unknown Data =====
 
59 bytes of ???
 
 
===== 2. Speed Data =====
 
 
<pre>
 
# Prefix (i think, not a 100% on that)
 
0xfb
 
0x38 (8)
 
0x34 (4)
 
0x34 (4)
 
0x34 (4)
 
 
# Value Bytes x3
 
0x36 (6)
 
0xc0
 
0x14
 
</pre>
 
 
'''50 mm/s:'''
 
 
<pre>
 
0xb2 (178) ()
 
0x36 (54) (6)
 
0x64 (100) (d)
 
</pre>
 
 
'''100 mm/s:'''
 
 
<pre>
 
0x36 (54) (6)
 
0xc0 (192) ()
 
0x14 (20) (�)
 
</pre>
 
 
 
'''1000 mm/s:'''
 
 
<pre>
 
0x90 (144) ()
 
0x38 (56) (8)
 
0x74 (116) (t)
 
</pre>
 
 
 
===== 3. Power Data [x4] =====
 
 
<pre>
 
# Prefix
 
0x75 (u) <- Always the same (message type identifier?)
 
0x84    <- Laser and Min/Max Byte
 
0x34 (4) <- Always the same (delimiter?)
 
 
# Value Bytes x2
 
0x16
 
0x02
 
</pre>
 
 
The Laser and Min/Max Byte is one of:
 
* <code>0x84</code> (Laser 1 MinPower)
 
* <code>0xf4</code> (Laser 2 MinPower)
 
* <code>0x02</code> (Laser 1 MaxPower)
 
* <code>0x72</code> (Laser 2 MaxPower)
 
 
''' 0% '''
 
<pre>
 
0x34 (52) (4)
 
0x24 (36) ($)
 
</pre>
 
 
''' 0.5% '''
 
<pre>
 
0x34 (52) (4)
 
0xe4 (228) ()
 
</pre>
 
 
''' 1% '''
 
<pre>
 
0xb4 (180) ()
 
0x92 (146) ()
 
</pre>
 
 
''' 5% '''
 
<pre>
 
0x36 (54) (6)
 
0x82 (130) ()
 
</pre>
 
 
''' 50% '''
 
<pre>
 
0x8e (142) ()
 
0xce (206) ()
 
</pre>
 
 
''' 100% '''
 
<pre>
 
0xce (206) ()
 
0xce (206) ()
 
</pre>
 
 
===== 4. Unknown Data =====
 
???
 
 
===== 5. Speed Data Again =====
 
<pre>
 
# Prefix is shorter this time
 
< 0xfb
 
< 0x32 (2)
 
< 0x34 (4)
 
< 0x34 (4)
 
 
# Value bytes are the same as above
 
< 0x36 (6)
 
< 0xc0
 
< 0x14
 
</pre>
 
 
===== 6. Unknown Data =====
 
???
 
 
===== 7. Power Data Again [x4] =====
 
 
<pre>
 
# Prefix
 
0x75 (u) <- Always the same (message type identifier?)
 
0xb4    <- Laser and Min/Max Byte
 
[No 0x34 byte this time.]
 
 
# Value Bytes are the same
 
0x16
 
0x02
 
</pre>
 
 
The Laser and Min/Max Byte is one of (last 4 bits are the same as in the first set of messages):
 
* <code>0xb4</code> (Laser 1 MinPower) (<code>0x84 + 0x30</code>)
 
* <code>0x94</code> (Laser 2 MinPower) (<code>0xf4 - 0x60</code>)
 
* <code>0x32</code> (Laser 1 MaxPower) (<code>0x02 + 0x30</code>)
 
* <code>0x12</code> (Laser 2 MaxPower) (<code>0x72 - 0x60</code>)
 
 
Comparison with first Laser Min/Max bytes in binary:
 
<pre>
 
1234 5678   
 
 
1000 0100  0x84  First Laser 1 Min
 
1111 0100  0xf4  First Laser 2 Min
 
0000 0010  0x02  First Laser 1 Max
 
0111 0010  0x72  First Laser 2 Max
 
 
1011 0100  0xb4  Secnd Laser 1 Min
 
1001 0100  0x94  Secnd Laser 2 Min
 
0011 0010  0x32  Secnd Laser 1 Max
 
0001 0010  0x12  Secnd Laser 2 Max
 
 
bit 6 == is min?
 
bit 7 == is max?
 
 
</pre>
 
  
 
=== Laserfirmware ===
 
=== Laserfirmware ===
 
Nope.
 
Nope.

Version vom 6. April 2021, 18:17 Uhr

For now just a unorganized pastebin to document things that don't fit the mastodon account.

Device resolutions

Resolution Width Height
Physical   1300 mm   900 mm
Cut 13000 positions  9000 positions
Engrave 51181 points 35433 points

Instructions

Cutting

tbd

Engraving

tbd

Rotary Engraving

Get the rotate engrave tool and put it in the lasercutter (in a way where the wide side faces you). Align it to the X axis of the lasercutter. Connect the two cables to the two plugs on the upper right side of the inner workarea (labeled 'rotation'). Flick the Axis Y/Axis U switch on the side of the lasercutter to the 'Axis U' position. Turn the lasercutter on. Test if everything is working by moving the y axis. If the rotate engrave tool moves you're good to go. Move the laser over the object you want to engrave. Be sure that you are exactly in the middle of the object on the y axis. If the laser hits the object, press reset, the laser will move the z axis down. Repeat as many times as needed. In the driver software, enable rotate engrave in the 'Output' Tab. Set circle pulse to 7600 and enter the diameter of the object. Enter the speed an press 'Test'. Ensure that the object does not fall after rotating 360°. Proceed as you would normally when engraving.

Reverse Engineering

Driver (LaserWorks aka RDCAM)

Nope.

Communication Protocol

The protocol can be used in 3 ways.

  • USB
  • Network
  • By saving the job to a file in the driver.

We didn't get the net- to work (haha) so we are using USB right now.

Someone else already documented the protocol. Apparently everything is scrambled in some way byte-wise. https://stefan.schuermans.info/rdcam/messages.html

The descrambling process documented there didn't work for us. Since different versions of the program seem to use different magic numbers we decided to try to brute-force it. Turns out it's a new one: 0x33.

Setup Messages [Still Scrambled]

Notation:

< == from the driver
> == from the laser

Before sending the job to the lasercutter the driver sends and receives a few preflight messages. We are unsure if they change when using the Network but they are omitted when saving a job to a file.

Some consistencies can be found when examining these messages. The laser always mirrors messages coming from the driver but changes one of the bytes and appends more data.

For example:

# Message by driver
< 0x69 (i)
< 0x34 (4)
< 0xb8
< 0x4e (N)

# Response by Laser
> 	0x69 (i) <-- mirrored
> 	0xb4     <-- always changed from 0x34 to 0xb4 (+128)
> 	0xb8     <-- mirrored
> 	0x4e (N) <-- mirrored

# More Data
> 	0x36 (6)
> 	0x2c (,)
> 	0xb4
> 	0x76 (v)
> 	0x34 (4)
Click 'Search' [Still Scrambled]
< 0x69 (i)
< 0x34 (4)
< 0xb8
< 0x4e (N)
> 	0x69 (i)
> 	0xb4
> 	0xb8
> 	0x4e (N)
> 	0x36 (6)
> 	0x2c (,)
> 	0xb4
> 	0x76 (v)
> 	0x34 (4)

< 0x69 (i)
< 0x34 (4)
< 0x34 (4)
< 0x84
> 	0x69 (i)
> 	0xb4
> 	0x34 (4)
> 	0x84
> 	0x34 (4)
> 	0xb2
> 	0xd4
> 	0x0a
> 	0x14
Select COM Device
< 0x69 (i)
< 0x34 (4)
< 0x34 (4)
< 0x24 ($)
> 	0x69 (i)
> 	0xb4
> 	0x34 (4)
> 	0x24 ($)
> 	0x34 (4)
> 	0x34 (4)
> 	0xb4
> 	0x74 (t)
> 	0x34 (4)
Sending a Job
# Same as first message in 'Click Search' (x2)
< 0x69 (i)
< 0x34 (4)
< 0xb8
< 0x4e (N)
> 	0x69 (i)
> 	0xb4
> 	0xb8
> 	0x4e (N)
> 	0x36 (6)
> 	0x2c (,)
> 	0xb4
> 	0x76 (v)
> 	0x34 (4)

< 0x69 (i)
< 0x34 (4)
< 0xb8
< 0x4e (N)
> 	0x69 (i)
> 	0xb4
> 	0xb8
> 	0x4e (N)
> 	0x36 (6)
> 	0x2c (,)
> 	0xb4
> 	0x76 (v)
> 	0x34 (4)

< 0x69 (i)
< 0x34 (4)
< 0xba
< 0x22 (")
> 	0x69 (i)
> 	0xb4
> 	0xba
> 	0x22 (")
> 	0xbe
> 	0xa4
> 	0x58 (X)
> 	0x34 (4)
> 	0x34 (4)

# Again, same as first message in 'Click Search'
< 0x69 (i)
< 0x34 (4)
< 0xb8
< 0x4e (N)
> 	0x69 (i)
> 	0xb4
> 	0xb8
> 	0x4e (N)
> 	0x36 (6)
> 	0x2c (,)
> 	0xb4
> 	0x76 (v)
> 	0x34 (4)

# ???
< 0x69 (i)
< 0x34 (4)
< 0x38 (8)
< 0x34 (4)
> 	0x69 (i)
> 	0xb4
> 	0x38 (8)
> 	0x34 (4)
> 	0x34 (4)
> 	0xb2
> 	0x4e (N)
> 	0x34 (4) <- This byte changes to 0x40 sometimes... (no idea why, seems to happen when one moves one point of the line in the test job for example.)
> 	0x34 (4)

# Again, same as first message in 'Click Search'
< 0x69 (i)
< 0x34 (4)
< 0xb8
< 0x4e (N)
> 	0x69 (i)
> 	0xb4
> 	0xb8
> 	0x4e (N)
> 	0x36 (6)
> 	0x2c (,)
> 	0xb4
> 	0x76 (v)
> 	0x34 (4)

After this the actual job data is sent by the driver.

Laserfirmware

Nope.