Laser/Hacking

For now just a unorganized pastebin to document things that don't fit the mastodon account.

Device resolutions

Resolution	Width	Height
Physical	1300 mm	900 mm
Cut	13000 positions	9000 positions
Engrave	51181 points	35433 points

Instructions

Cutting

tbd

Engraving

tbd

Rotary Engraving

Get the rotate engrave tool and put it in the lasercutter (in a way where the wide side faces you). Align it to the X axis of the lasercutter. Connect the two cables to the two plugs on the upper right side of the inner workarea (labeled 'rotation'). Flick the Axis Y/Axis U switch on the side of the lasercutter to the 'Axis U' position. Turn the lasercutter on. Test if everything is working by moving the y axis. If the rotate engrave tool moves you're good to go. Move the laser over the object you want to engrave. Be sure that you are exactly in the middle of the object on the y axis. If the laser hits the object, press reset, the laser will move the z axis down. Repeat as many times as needed. In the driver software, enable rotate engrave in the 'Output' Tab. Set circle pulse to 7600 and enter the diameter of the object. Enter the speed an press 'Test'. Ensure that the object does not fall after rotating 360°. Proceed as you would normally when engraving.

Reverse Engineering

Driver (LaserWorks aka RDCAM)

Nope.

Communication Protocol

The protocol can be used in 3 ways.

• USB
• Network
• By saving the job to a file in the driver.

We didn't get the net- to work (haha) so we are using USB right now.

Notation:

< == from the driver
> == from the laser

Setup Messages

Before sending the job to the lasercutter the driver sends and receives a few preflight messages. We are unsure if they change when using the Network but they are omitted when saving a job to a file.

Some consistencies can be found when examining these messages. The laser always mirrors messages coming from the driver but changes one of the bytes and appends more data.

For example:

# Message by driver
< 0x69 (i)
< 0x34 (4)
< 0xb8
< 0x4e (N)

# Response by Laser
> 	0x69 (i) <-- mirrored
> 	0xb4     <-- always changed from 0x34 to 0xb4 (+128)
> 	0xb8     <-- mirrored
> 	0x4e (N) <-- mirrored

# More Data
> 	0x36 (6)
> 	0x2c (,)
> 	0xb4
> 	0x76 (v)
> 	0x34 (4)

Click 'Search'

< 0x69 (i)
< 0x34 (4)
< 0xb8
< 0x4e (N)
> 	0x69 (i)
> 	0xb4
> 	0xb8
> 	0x4e (N)
> 	0x36 (6)
> 	0x2c (,)
> 	0xb4
> 	0x76 (v)
> 	0x34 (4)

< 0x69 (i)
< 0x34 (4)
< 0x34 (4)
< 0x84
> 	0x69 (i)
> 	0xb4
> 	0x34 (4)
> 	0x84
> 	0x34 (4)
> 	0xb2
> 	0xd4
> 	0x0a
> 	0x14

Select COM Device

< 0x69 (i)
< 0x34 (4)
< 0x34 (4)
< 0x24 ($)
> 	0x69 (i)
> 	0xb4
> 	0x34 (4)
> 	0x24 ($)
> 	0x34 (4)
> 	0x34 (4)
> 	0xb4
> 	0x74 (t)
> 	0x34 (4)

Sending a Job

# Same as first message in 'Click Search' (x2)
< 0x69 (i)
< 0x34 (4)
< 0xb8
< 0x4e (N)
> 	0x69 (i)
> 	0xb4
> 	0xb8
> 	0x4e (N)
> 	0x36 (6)
> 	0x2c (,)
> 	0xb4
> 	0x76 (v)
> 	0x34 (4)

< 0x69 (i)
< 0x34 (4)
< 0xb8
< 0x4e (N)
> 	0x69 (i)
> 	0xb4
> 	0xb8
> 	0x4e (N)
> 	0x36 (6)
> 	0x2c (,)
> 	0xb4
> 	0x76 (v)
> 	0x34 (4)

< 0x69 (i)
< 0x34 (4)
< 0xba
< 0x22 (")
> 	0x69 (i)
> 	0xb4
> 	0xba
> 	0x22 (")
> 	0xbe
> 	0xa4
> 	0x58 (X)
> 	0x34 (4)
> 	0x34 (4)

# Again, same as first message in 'Click Search'
< 0x69 (i)
< 0x34 (4)
< 0xb8
< 0x4e (N)
> 	0x69 (i)
> 	0xb4
> 	0xb8
> 	0x4e (N)
> 	0x36 (6)
> 	0x2c (,)
> 	0xb4
> 	0x76 (v)
> 	0x34 (4)

# ???
< 0x69 (i)
< 0x34 (4)
< 0x38 (8)
< 0x34 (4)
> 	0x69 (i)
> 	0xb4
> 	0x38 (8)
> 	0x34 (4)
> 	0x34 (4)
> 	0xb2
> 	0x4e (N)
> 	0x34 (4) <- This byte changes to 0x40 sometimes... (no idea why, seems to happen when one moves one point of the line in the test job for example.)
> 	0x34 (4)

# Again, same as first message in 'Click Search'
< 0x69 (i)
< 0x34 (4)
< 0xb8
< 0x4e (N)
> 	0x69 (i)
> 	0xb4
> 	0xb8
> 	0x4e (N)
> 	0x36 (6)
> 	0x2c (,)
> 	0xb4
> 	0x76 (v)
> 	0x34 (4)

After this the actual job data is sent by the driver.

Job Data

The job data seems to be structured as follows:

1. [Unknown Data]

• (as of now always 59 bytes)

2. [Speed Data]

• (as of now always 8 bytes)

3. [Power Data x4]

• (as of now always 5 bytes for each of [Min Power Laser 1, Min Power Laser 2, Max Power Laser 1, Max Power Laser 2] )

4. [Unknown Data]

5. [Speed Data again, but a little different]

6. [Unknown Data]

7. [Power Data again, but a little different x4]

8. [Unknown Data]

1. Unknown Data

59 bytes of ???

2. Speed Data

# Prefix (i think, not a 100% on that)
0xfb
0x38 (8)
0x34 (4)
0x34 (4)
0x34 (4)

# Value Bytes x3
0x36 (6)
0xc0
0x14

50 mm/s:

0xb2	(178)	()
0x36	(54)	(6)
0x64	(100)	(d)

100 mm/s:

0x36	(54)	(6)
0xc0	(192)	()
0x14	(20)	(�)

1000 mm/s:

0x90	(144)	()
0x38	(56)	(8)
0x74	(116)	(t)

3. Power Data [x4]

# Prefix 
0x75 (u) <- Always the same (message type identifier?)
0x84     <- Laser and Min/Max Byte
0x34 (4) <- Always the same (delimiter?)

# Value Bytes x2
0x16
0x02

The Laser and Min/Max Byte is one of:

• 0x84 (Laser 1 MinPower)
• 0xf4 (Laser 2 MinPower)
• 0x02 (Laser 1 MaxPower)
• 0x72 (Laser 2 MaxPower)

0%

0x34	(52)	(4)
0x24	(36)	($)

0.5%

0x34	(52)	(4)
0xe4	(228)	()

1%

0xb4	(180)	()
0x92	(146)	()

5%

0x36	(54)	(6)
0x82	(130)	()

50%

0x8e	(142)	()
0xce	(206)	()

100%

0xce	(206)	()
0xce	(206)	()

4. Unknown Data

???

5. Speed Data Again

# Prefix is shorter this time
< 0xfb
< 0x32 (2)
< 0x34 (4)
< 0x34 (4)

# Value bytes are the same as above
< 0x36 (6)
< 0xc0
< 0x14

6. Unknown Data

???

7. Power Data Again [x4]

# Prefix 
0x75 (u) <- Always the same (message type identifier?)
0xb4     <- Laser and Min/Max Byte 
[No 0x34 byte this time.]

# Value Bytes are the same
0x16
0x02

The Laser and Min/Max Byte is one of (last 4 bits are the same as in the first set of messages):

• 0xb4 (Laser 1 MinPower) (0x84 + 0x30)
• 0x94 (Laser 2 MinPower) (0xf4 - 0x60)
• 0x32 (Laser 1 MaxPower) (0x02 + 0x30)
• 0x12 (Laser 2 MaxPower) (0x72 - 0x60)

Comparison with first Laser Min/Max bytes in binary:

1234 5678     

1000 0100  0x84  First Laser 1 Min
1111 0100  0xf4  First Laser 2 Min
0000 0010  0x02  First Laser 1 Max
0111 0010  0x72  First Laser 2 Max


1011 0100  0xb4  Secnd Laser 1 Min
1001 0100  0x94  Secnd Laser 2 Min
0011 0010  0x32  Secnd Laser 1 Max
0001 0010  0x12  Secnd Laser 2 Max

bit 6 == is min?
bit 7 == is max?

Laserfirmware

Nope.